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10 things to know about the Novavax vaccine

10 things to know about the Novavax vaccine

In the search for immunization measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines have been developed to boost immunity against the respiratory virus. Here, the Novavax vaccine is one of the options that has gained attention for its distinctive characteristics and potential to contribute to global vaccination efforts. So, here are a few things one should know about the Novavax vaccine, including its development and mechanism of action to eligibility criteria:

1. Vaccine development
The Novavax vaccine, also known as NVX-CoV2373 or Nuvaxovid, was developed by Novavax, Inc., a biotechnology company. The entity has previously worked on developing vaccines for various infectious diseases, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and seasonal influenza.

2. Vaccine technology
The Novavax vaccine operates on a different principle than some of the other COVID-19 vaccines. It uses a protein subunit-based approach, using a small piece of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, called the spike protein, to stimulate an immune response. This protein fragment is produced using a baculovirus expression system, a well-established technology in vaccine development. This approach also involves the use of an adjuvant—a substance that boosts the level of immune response.

3. Authorization of use
The Novavax vaccine has received authorization in the country based on the trial data demonstrating the vaccine’s safety and efficacy in preventing COVID-19. Trials have shown that the Novavax vaccine can help prevent the disease and has demonstrated efficacy against multiple variants of the virus, including the Delta variant. In trials, it has shown efficacy rates of over 90% in preventing symptomatic COVID-19.

It is important to note that the status of vaccine authorizations may change over time with new developments. So, it is advisable to check with relevant health authorities or official sources for the most current information regarding vaccine authorizations.

4. Safety profile
Like all vaccines, the Novavax vaccine may cause side effects, but it has a favorable safety profile. Trials have shown that some may experience mild and transient side effects, such as pain at the site where the prescription was introduced to the body. Further, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, or mild fever may be observed. While the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person, serious adverse events have been rare. This safety record has contributed to regulatory approvals of the vaccine in multiple countries. As with any vaccine, ongoing monitoring ensures that any potential side effects are thoroughly investigated and managed. Overall, the Novavax vaccine’s safety profile underscores its suitability as one of the key immunization measures.

5. Storage
One of the highlights of the Novavax vaccine is its relatively straightforward storage requirements. It can be stored at standard refrigeration temperatures, making it easier to transport and administer, especially in regions with limited infrastructure.

6. Global approval and distribution
The Novavax vaccine has received regulatory approval in several countries and has been distributed as part of national vaccination campaigns in those regions. The vaccine’s ease of storage and efficacy against different variants make it a useful tool in regions where access to other vaccines is limited.

7. Booster potential
The Novavax vaccine is also being explored as a potential booster dose for those who have previously received other COVID-19 vaccines. Early studies suggest that it may significantly boost immunity when used as a booster shot, even against emerging variants.

8. Research, development, and monitoring
Novavax may continue to invest in research and development to improve its vaccine and adapt it to address emerging variants of the virus. This commitment to ongoing research is a key step for dealing with the ever-evolving virus. Additionally, the safety and efficacy of the Novavax vaccine, like all COVID-19 vaccines, continue to be monitored closely. Ongoing research may help refine vaccination strategies and address any emerging challenges.

9. Combination with other vaccines
In some regions, health authorities have been considering mixing and matching different COVID-19 vaccines to optimize protection. The Novavax vaccine may be part of such strategies, offering additional flexibility in vaccination campaigns.

10. Eligibility criteria
Eligibility for the Novavax vaccine may vary depending on the country and the specific guidelines set by local health authorities. Here are some of the factors typically considered for determining eligibility:

Age: The Novavax vaccine was initially approved for adults, typically starting at 18 years of age or older. However, eligibility criteria have expanded to include those over the age of 12.

Health status: The Novavax vaccine is generally recommended for those without contraindications or allergies to its components. People with certain health conditions or severe allergies may have to discuss their eligibility with their healthcare providers.

Prior vaccination: Based on regional policy, the Novavax vaccine may be recommended as a primary vaccination or as a booster shot for those who have already received other COVID-19 vaccines.

National and regional policies: Eligibility may also be influenced by national or regional vaccination policies and strategies, which could evolve over time based on public health needs and available vaccine supply.

Additionally, eligibility guidelines regarding pregnancy and breastfeeding may vary. So, if pregnant or breastfeeding, one should consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance.

As the Novavax vaccine becomes more widely available, individuals have a role to play in curbing the spread of COVID-19. Here, getting vaccinated and following public health guidelines, such as social distancing and maintaining good hygiene, remain essential in preventing further spread. Further, such immunization measures may contribute to achieving herd immunity within communities, reducing the impact and spread of the infection if contracted. It is crucial to note that eligibility criteria for vaccines, including Novavax, may change over time as new information becomes available and vaccination campaigns progress. So, it is important to check local health authority updates or consult healthcare providers for the latest information on eligibility and vaccine availability in the area.

Sources:

https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-novavax-vaccine-against-covid-19-what-you-need-to-know
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/novavax/index.html
https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/novavax-covid-vaccine
https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/coronavirus-covid-19-cber-regulated-biologics/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-adjuvanted

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Foods to Eat and Avoid for Optimal Kidney Health

Kidneys help filter waste from the blood and dispose of it off the body via urine. They also help balance the electrolyte and fluid levels in the body. But, conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes may intervene with their ability to work as required. Furthermore, damage to the kidney might also result in chronic kidney disease. Hence making changes in your meal plan is a vital aspect of treatment. You can prevent damage to these organs by following a kidney-healthy meal plan. Below, we will address some foods to eat and avoid for better kidney health. Foods to eat Cauliflower Cauliflower is a nutritious vegetable. It's an excellent source of folate, Vitamins B, K, and C. It's rich in anti-inflammatory compounds like indoles, a fiber source. In addition, you can use mashed cauliflower as a replacement for potatoes. For example, a cup of cooked cauliflower has 40 mg of phosphorous, 176 mg of potassium, and 19 mg of sodium. Sweet potatoes They are relatively similar to white potatoes but have more fiber content, resulting in them breaking down more gradually. Hence, you will experience a less spike in insulin levels. Sweet potatoes are also rich in vitamins and minerals like potassium that help balance the sodium levels in the body and lower their impact on the kidneys. But, since sweet potatoes have a high potassium content, people on dialysis or those with CKD should curtail the intake of this vegetable. Red bell peppers They are rich in flavor and low in potassium, but that is not the sole reason they are considered a hit among people with kidney disease. Red bell peppers have Vitamin C and A sources and are also high in fiber, folic acid, and B6 vitamin content. In addition, red bell peppers are also suitable because they have lycopene, an antioxidant that shields against some cancers. You can eat them raw with a dip, mix them into your salad, or enjoy them as an appetizer. Some people also like roasting bell peppers and using them as a topping for lettuce salads or sandwiches. Olive oil It contains healthy fat and has anti-inflammatory properties. Since it is monosaturated fat, it stays stable even at higher temperatures as you cook. Thus, switching to extra virgin olive oil can give you more antioxidants while you still enjoy your favorite dish. Green vegetables Leafy veggies like spinach, kale, romaine, arugula, and cabbage are hydrating, low in calories, and have high antioxidant and vitamin content. If you wish to be cautious about your mineral levels, you must opt for cabbage and arugula, which are nutrient-rich and lower in sodium, potassium, phosphorous, and calcium. In addition, kale and spinach have a high potassium content, which is ok for people seeking to improve their kidney health, but best for those already dealing with chronic kidney disease. Blueberries They are called superfoods because they are rich in antioxidants and are a low-calorie Vitamin-C and fiber source. You can stock them in abundance from your local grocery store or farmer’s market. You can also shop for frozen berries in the off-season and enjoy healthy smoothies. People with kidney diseases can also eat other berries like raspberries, cranberries, and strawberries. Apples Apples are low in potassium and rich in fiber when you eat them with peel. They also have a natural anti-inflammatory effect and are ideal for your kidneys. Foods to avoid Soda Soda has zero nutritional benefits and instead has high sugar content. It only adds to the extra calories. Some studies link high soda consumption to conditions like kidney disease, osteoporosis, dental problems, and metabolic syndrome. If you opt for their lower calorie alternative like coke zero, even that will do you no good, as it has no nutritional value and contains artificial sweeteners and additives. Hence, you must omit soda and opt for healthy beverages like water. If you do not enjoy plain water, add a slice or two of fresh fruit for added flavor. Avocados Avocadoes are known for their many nutritious qualities. They are rich in antioxidants, fiber, and heart-healthy fats. Even though consuming avocado is often considered healthy, people with kidney disease must avoid it as avocados have a high potassium content. An average-sized avocado has about 690 mg of potassium. If you love the taste and do not want to eliminate it, you can reduce the portion size to only 1/4th of the avocado. In addition, it will lower potassium intake.  Salty foods Sodium or salt is one of the most prevalent inclusions in foods you consume daily. However, their density is higher in processed foods. Salt results in water retention and may cause blood pressure, lung, and heart disease. Healthy kidneys work towards maintaining the correct fluid balance in the body. So, if your kidneys do not function as desired, the fluid balance may be disturbed. Hence, you must curtail sodium-rich foods like processed foods, packaged items, and soy sauce. When cooking meals at home, opt for low-sodium alternatives. You can replace salt with spices and herbs and keep the salt shaker off the table. Dairy Dairy products like yogurt, cheese, ice cream, and milk are rich in protein, calcium, and other vital nutrients. They also contain potassium and phosphorous. People with stage three kidney disease might want to curtail their potassium, phosphorous, and protein intake, which is high in dairy. So, you can instead reach out for dairy alternatives like rice, soy, or almond milk as they have lower potassium, phosphorous, and protein content than cow’s milk. Bananas Though naturally low in sodium, bananas' potassium content is significantly high. So, to ensure your kidney disease does not aggravate, monitor your potassium intake, and it might be challenging if the banana is your staple. Conclusion Whatever you eat or drink will affect your health regardless of any health issue. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight and following a balanced meal plan are prerequisites to staying fit and controlling blood sugar levels. A kidney-healthy meal plan is less about eliminating certain foods but following portion control and finding a balance of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

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Coughs and colds can disrupt daily life and cause discomfort to millions of people worldwide. These minor ailments often stem from viral infections that affect the upper respiratory system, primarily the throat and nose. While generally not severe, coughs and colds can be bothersome, particularly during seasonal shifts. This article explores the symptoms, causes, and risks associated with these conditions, shedding light on practical strategies for dealing with them naturally. Symptoms of cough and cold Coughs and colds are typically characterized by symptoms that can vary in intensity from one person to another. Runny or stuffy nose A stuffy or runny nose is one of the most recognizable cold symptoms. It occurs when the virus infects the nasal passages, causing inflammation and increased mucus production. It then results in a constant drip from the nose or a sensation of congestion, making it difficult to breathe through the nostrils. The mucus can be clear, thick, or even yellowish. Sore throat A sore or scratchy throat is often one of the first signs of a cold. The virus can irritate and inflame the throat lining, leading to discomfort and pain, especially when swallowing. Coughing Coughing is the body's natural response to clear the airways of mucus, irritants, or foreign particles. The cough can vary in intensity, from a mild, occasional cough to a persistent, hacking one. Sneezing Frequent sneezing is another hallmark symptom of a cold. It occurs as the body attempts to remove the virus from the nasal passages. Various factors, including exposure to irritants or rapid temperature changes, can trigger sneezing. Fatigue Coughs and colds can lead to a general feeling of fatigue and malaise. The immune system directs energy toward fighting the viral infection, which can leave individuals feeling drained and sluggish. A sense of weakness often accompanies this fatigue. Headache Some individuals may experience headaches as a result of a cold. The congestion and pressure in the sinuses can lead to tension headaches. These headaches are typically mild to moderate in intensity and may be concentrated in the forehead or behind the eyes. Mild fever Sometimes, colds may be associated with a low-grade fever. This increase in body temperature is a natural response to infection and is the body's way of creating an environment less conducive to the virus's survival. It usually ranges between 100-102°F (37.8-38.9°C). Watery eyes Irritation and inflammation caused by the viral infection can lead to watery eyes. Muscle aches Some individuals with colds may experience muscle aches and pains, often described as soreness. This discomfort can be attributed to the body's response to infection and the release of inflammatory chemicals. Earache In some cases, especially among children, earache may occur due to congestion and pressure changes in the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. Causes of cough and cold Understanding the causes of coughs and colds is essential for preventing their onset and transmission: Viral infections Viruses cause the overwhelming majority of coughs and colds. These highly contagious viruses can spread through contact with infected individuals or surfaces. Weakened immune system A weakened immune system makes an individual more prone to viral infections. Be it stress or sleep and nutritional deficiencies, a compromised immune system can lower its ability to fend off viruses. Seasonal variations Coughs and colds often occur more frequently during the fall and winter months. This seasonality is believed to be influenced by factors like indoor crowding, decreased humidity, and temperature fluctuations. Close contact with an infected individual Close contact with someone with a cold increases the likelihood of transmission. Viruses can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Poor hygiene practices Failing to practice good hygiene, such as regular handwashing and covering one's mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, can contribute to the spread of viruses. Risks associated with cough and cold While coughs and colds are generally not worrisome, they can still pose certain risks, especially for vulnerable populations: Added complications: In some cases, a simple cold can lead to complications like sinus infections, bronchitis, or pneumonia. It is more likely to occur in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. Asthma exacerbation: Individuals with asthma may find that their symptoms worsen during a cold, as the inflammation and mucus production in the airways can trigger asthma attacks. Secondary infections: Coughs and colds can make individuals more prone to secondary bacterial infections, which may require medical treatment. Managing cough and cold naturally While there is no definite cure for the common cold, there are several natural remedies individuals can use to manage symptoms and speed up recovery: Staying hydrated Drinking fluids, such as water, herbal teas, and broths, helps keep the body hydrated and thins mucus, making it easier to expel. Resting Rest is crucial when fighting a cold. It allows the body to allocate energy to the immune system, helping combat the virus. Saltwater gargle Gargling with warm salt water helps soothe sore throat and reduce inflammation. Nasal irrigation Saline nasal sprays or neti pots can be used to flush out nasal passages, providing relief from congestion. Honey and ginger Honey and ginger have been shown to help alleviate cough symptoms. Honey can soothe a sore throat and cut mucus production, while certain purified compounds inside ginger root have anti-inflammatory properties and can relax the muscles. Steam inhalation Inhaling steam can help relieve nasal congestion and ease breathing. Proper nutrition A balanced meal plan rich in vitamins and minerals is important for maintaining strong immunity. Consuming fruits and vegetables can provide the necessary nutrients to support immune function. Managing stress Reducing stress through meditation, deep breathing, and yoga can help bolster the immune system's response to infections. Coughs and colds may be commonplace, but they can disrupt daily life and lead to discomfort. By practicing good hygiene, maintaining a strong immune system, and adopting healthy lifestyle habits, individuals can minimize the impact of coughs and colds on their lives.

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