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Esophageal cancer – Signs, risk factors, and management

Esophageal cancer – Signs, risk factors, and management

Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the inner lining of the esophagus. As the tumor grows, the cancer cells spread through the other layers. Sometimes, the cancer spreads to nearby organs as well, such as the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. It progresses through multiple stages as different symptoms appear over time. Here are a few things to know about esophageal cancer signs, treatment, and risk factors to watch out for.

Esophageal cancer signs
In most cases, esophageal cancer is diagnosed only in the advanced stages. This is because the symptoms rarely show up in the initial stages. But, if there is a cancer risk, it is better to take preventive measures and watch out for the following signs.

Chronic cough
This symptom is generally experienced in the advanced stages of esophageal cancer. During this time, the esophagus becomes narrow with the growth of the tumor. This irritates the throat. Most people tend to experience frequent coughing, which can feel like something is stuck in their throat. However, chronic coughing can lead to a hoarse voice over time, which is a significant indicator of esophageal cancer.

Trouble swallowing
The growth of cancer over time also causes issues with swallowing. With the esophagus becoming narrow, food is obstructed to move smoothly through the food pipe. This makes it hard to swallow food comfortably. Over time, as the cancer advances, this symptom aggravates. A person starts to feel like the food they are eating is stuck in the throat. This can also cause choking in some cases.

Pain in the chest
Experiencing chest pain can be a sign of various conditions, ranging from heartburn to potential heart issues. It is rarely considered on its own to diagnose esophageal cancer. Still, it is important to make a note of chest pain if it occurs frequently and along with the other esophageal signs. The pain due to esophagus cancer is generally experienced in the central part of the chest. It is usually experienced as a pressure building inside or a burning sensation. Over time, the pain spreads to nearby areas such as the throat, between the shoulders, and sometimes, behind the breastbone.

Frequent bleeding in the esophagus
With the esophagus becoming narrow, it is possible that the food that moves through has an abrasive effect on the esophageal walls. As a result, there can be bleeding. This symptom becomes evident with the presence of blood in the person’s stool.

Change in eating habits
With esophageal cancer making it harder to swallow foods, there is a gradual change in a person’s eating habits. Since the esophagus starts narrowing through the advanced stages, it becomes difficult to eat solid foods. These have the potential to get stuck easily. Even softer foods, such as bread, are difficult to eat since they can get stuck in the throat, causing discomfort, coughing, or pain. As a result, people often make changes to their meal plans and opt for softer, mashed, pulped, or liquid foods, like soups.

Appetite loss
When there is difficulty swallowing foods and changes in eating habits, it will most likely affect an individual’s appetite. Furthermore, the inability to eat most foods and the switch to liquid foods may lead to some people being unable to eat complete meals. Since liquid foods are mostly bland, a person starts experiencing a loss of appetite.

Risk factors of esophageal cancer
The cause of esophageal cancer is not yet known. However, research is ongoing to understand why mutations occur in the cell DNAs of the esophageal tissues and lead to the development of this cancer. Even though the causes are not known, there are certain risk factors that have been known to increase the susceptibility to esophageal cancer.

Barrett’s esophagus
This condition is caused by acid reflux that has become chronic over time and has not been treated. Due to this, certain changes occur in the cells of the esophagus. When left untreated, it leads to changes in the cells of the lower part of the esophagus. Those with Barrett’s esophagus have a high risk of esophageal cancer.

Family history
The risk of esophageal cancer is often influenced by genes. If an individual has a family history of the disease – including parents, grandparents, or siblings who have had it – their risk of developing it may be higher.

Occupational exposure to certain chemicals
Individuals employed in particular industries face a heightened likelihood of developing esophageal cancer. Those working with chemicals like dry cleaning solvents are especially vulnerable, as they may inhale fumes that can mutate the cells in their esophagus, thereby increasing their risk of developing cancer.

Presence of other types of cancer
In some cases, cancer in other organs can metastasize and spread to the esophagus. This generally happens when a person has cancer in the neck or the head.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a virus that causes tissues in different areas of the body to undergo a lot of changes. These changes can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

Other disorders
Different rare and inherited health disorders and conditions, such as achalasia and tylosis, have been linked to the high risk of esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer treatments
Surgery
In cases where tumors are small, surgery is performed to remove them along with surrounding tissues to prevent the spread of cancer cells. However, if the cancer is in an advanced stage, surgery may involve removing a portion of the esophagus and nearby lymph nodes.

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is an intravenous procedure that kills the cancer cells. This therapy is prescribed before as well as after surgery.

Radiation therapy
High-energy beams such as X-rays or protons target and kill cancer cells. Sometimes, radiation particles are surgically placed within the body close to the cancer cells.

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Foods to Eat and Avoid for Optimal Kidney Health

Kidneys help filter waste from the blood and dispose of it off the body via urine. They also help balance the electrolyte and fluid levels in the body. But, conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes may intervene with their ability to work as required. Furthermore, damage to the kidney might also result in chronic kidney disease. Hence making changes in your meal plan is a vital aspect of treatment. You can prevent damage to these organs by following a kidney-healthy meal plan. Below, we will address some foods to eat and avoid for better kidney health. Foods to eat Cauliflower Cauliflower is a nutritious vegetable. It's an excellent source of folate, Vitamins B, K, and C. It's rich in anti-inflammatory compounds like indoles, a fiber source. In addition, you can use mashed cauliflower as a replacement for potatoes. For example, a cup of cooked cauliflower has 40 mg of phosphorous, 176 mg of potassium, and 19 mg of sodium. Sweet potatoes They are relatively similar to white potatoes but have more fiber content, resulting in them breaking down more gradually. Hence, you will experience a less spike in insulin levels. Sweet potatoes are also rich in vitamins and minerals like potassium that help balance the sodium levels in the body and lower their impact on the kidneys. But, since sweet potatoes have a high potassium content, people on dialysis or those with CKD should curtail the intake of this vegetable. Red bell peppers They are rich in flavor and low in potassium, but that is not the sole reason they are considered a hit among people with kidney disease. Red bell peppers have Vitamin C and A sources and are also high in fiber, folic acid, and B6 vitamin content. In addition, red bell peppers are also suitable because they have lycopene, an antioxidant that shields against some cancers. You can eat them raw with a dip, mix them into your salad, or enjoy them as an appetizer. Some people also like roasting bell peppers and using them as a topping for lettuce salads or sandwiches. Olive oil It contains healthy fat and has anti-inflammatory properties. Since it is monosaturated fat, it stays stable even at higher temperatures as you cook. Thus, switching to extra virgin olive oil can give you more antioxidants while you still enjoy your favorite dish. Green vegetables Leafy veggies like spinach, kale, romaine, arugula, and cabbage are hydrating, low in calories, and have high antioxidant and vitamin content. If you wish to be cautious about your mineral levels, you must opt for cabbage and arugula, which are nutrient-rich and lower in sodium, potassium, phosphorous, and calcium. In addition, kale and spinach have a high potassium content, which is ok for people seeking to improve their kidney health, but best for those already dealing with chronic kidney disease. Blueberries They are called superfoods because they are rich in antioxidants and are a low-calorie Vitamin-C and fiber source. You can stock them in abundance from your local grocery store or farmer’s market. You can also shop for frozen berries in the off-season and enjoy healthy smoothies. People with kidney diseases can also eat other berries like raspberries, cranberries, and strawberries. Apples Apples are low in potassium and rich in fiber when you eat them with peel. They also have a natural anti-inflammatory effect and are ideal for your kidneys. Foods to avoid Soda Soda has zero nutritional benefits and instead has high sugar content. It only adds to the extra calories. Some studies link high soda consumption to conditions like kidney disease, osteoporosis, dental problems, and metabolic syndrome. If you opt for their lower calorie alternative like coke zero, even that will do you no good, as it has no nutritional value and contains artificial sweeteners and additives. Hence, you must omit soda and opt for healthy beverages like water. If you do not enjoy plain water, add a slice or two of fresh fruit for added flavor. Avocados Avocadoes are known for their many nutritious qualities. They are rich in antioxidants, fiber, and heart-healthy fats. Even though consuming avocado is often considered healthy, people with kidney disease must avoid it as avocados have a high potassium content. An average-sized avocado has about 690 mg of potassium. If you love the taste and do not want to eliminate it, you can reduce the portion size to only 1/4th of the avocado. In addition, it will lower potassium intake.  Salty foods Sodium or salt is one of the most prevalent inclusions in foods you consume daily. However, their density is higher in processed foods. Salt results in water retention and may cause blood pressure, lung, and heart disease. Healthy kidneys work towards maintaining the correct fluid balance in the body. So, if your kidneys do not function as desired, the fluid balance may be disturbed. Hence, you must curtail sodium-rich foods like processed foods, packaged items, and soy sauce. When cooking meals at home, opt for low-sodium alternatives. You can replace salt with spices and herbs and keep the salt shaker off the table. Dairy Dairy products like yogurt, cheese, ice cream, and milk are rich in protein, calcium, and other vital nutrients. They also contain potassium and phosphorous. People with stage three kidney disease might want to curtail their potassium, phosphorous, and protein intake, which is high in dairy. So, you can instead reach out for dairy alternatives like rice, soy, or almond milk as they have lower potassium, phosphorous, and protein content than cow’s milk. Bananas Though naturally low in sodium, bananas' potassium content is significantly high. So, to ensure your kidney disease does not aggravate, monitor your potassium intake, and it might be challenging if the banana is your staple. Conclusion Whatever you eat or drink will affect your health regardless of any health issue. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight and following a balanced meal plan are prerequisites to staying fit and controlling blood sugar levels. A kidney-healthy meal plan is less about eliminating certain foods but following portion control and finding a balance of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

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16 foods that help boost the immune system

A strong immune system is important to maintain one’s health. While there is no magical cure against infections, building immunity can help prevent several illnesses, or recover faster. Adding a variety of foods rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals to one's meals can help strengthen the immune system to fight off infection-causing pathogens. Here are 16 foods that can enhance immunity and help prevent illnesses. Red bell peppersRed bell peppers are one of the richest sources of vitamin C. A 100-gram serving of red bell pepper contains about 127.7 mg of vitamin C, which is 159 percent of one’s recommended daily intake. They are also a rich source of beta-carotene, which is converted into vitamin A. Due to their high vitamin content, red bell peppers are excellent for boosting immunity. Moreover, vitamin C helps keep skin healthy, while vitamin A contributes to healthy skin and eyes. BlueberriesBlueberries contain a particular flavonoid called anthocyanin. This has potent antioxidant properties, which help strengthen the immune system, especially in the respiratory tract. According to studies, those who consume a healthy dose of flavonoids regularly are less likely to develop an upper respiratory tract infection in comparison to others. BroccoliA popular superfood, broccoli is packed with vitamins A, C, and E, fiber, and antioxidants, which help fortify immunity. To get the maximum benefit of its nutritional content, it is advisable to gently cook broccoli (by steaming or microwaving) or consume it raw. SpinachSpinach is another superfood that is packed with vitamins A, C, and E, and flavonoids. These nutrients and antioxidants help strengthen the immune system. It is advisable to lightly cook spinach to release nutrients from oxalic acid and for the easier absorption of vitamin A. GingerA commonly used ingredient in recipes and healing traditions across the world, ginger has several anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. It contains gingerol, which can help reduce inflammation and sore throat and fight nausea. It may also help decrease chronic pain and reduce cholesterol. GarlicGarlic is another traditionally used ingredient. It contains sulfur-rich compounds such as allicin, which can help fight infections and slow down the hardening of the arteries. It may even help lower blood pressure levels. YogurtSome types of yogurt contain live, active cultures, which act as probiotics and improve gut health. They may also strengthen the immune system to fight diseases. When buying yogurt, look for variants that have been fortified with vitamin D as it helps regulate the immune system. Further, for optimal nutrition, opt for plain yogurts without any added sugars. Turn it into a healthy midday snack option by adding some fruits and/or a drizzle of honey to it. Sunflower seedsSunflower seeds are packed with nutrients such as phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins B6 and E. These nutrients help regulate and support the immune system and keep infections at bay.  TurmericIts anti-inflammatory properties make turmeric a great addition to food and traditional home remedies alike. It has been used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. These properties can be accorded to its main active ingredient, curcumin, which acts as an immunity booster. According to research, it may also help reduce exercise-related muscle damage. Green teaGreen and black teas are rich in flavonoids, which can help strengthen the immune system. Green tea also contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has antioxidant and antiviral properties that help boost immunity levels. PapayaPapayas are a rich source of vitamin C and they also contain potassium, magnesium, and folate, which can help improve immunity. The enzyme found in papaya, called papain, also has anti-inflammatory effects. KiwiKiwis are another rich source of antioxidants and essential nutrients such as folate, potassium, and vitamins K and C, which help support the immune system and prevent infections. Chicken and turkeyPoultry such as chicken and turkey are a rich source of vitamin B6, which can help reduce inflammation and improve immunity. Vitamin B6 also plays a crucial role in the formation of new red blood cells. For improved benefits, make stock or broth by boiling leftover chicken bones in water. The bones contain gelatin, chondroitin, and other nutrients, which can help improve gut health and bolster immunity. AlmondsAlmonds are a rich source of vitamin E and healthy fats. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant, which can help support the immune system. A half-cup serving of almonds can give adults their daily recommended intake of vitamin E (15 mg). Citrus fruitsVitamin C is vital for strengthening the immune system. Research suggests that it increases the production of infection-fighting white blood cells. Citrus fruits such as grapefruits, oranges, tangerines, lemons, and limes are some of the best sources of vitamin C. Since the body does not produce or store vitamin C, it is important to watch one’s daily consumption and meet the recommended amounts (90 mg for adult men and 75 mg for adult women). FishDifferent varieties of fish can help boost immune function and improve overall health. These include: Fatty fish: Fatty fish such as albacore tuna, herring, mackerel, sardines, and trout, are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Shellfish: Some types of shellfish such as oysters, crabs, lobsters, and mussels are rich sources of zinc, which supports the immune system. However, for optimal immune function, it is advisable to meet the daily recommended intake for zinc (11 grams for adult men, and 8 grams for most adult women) and avoid overconsumption. It is important to watch one’s fish intake closely, as some fish may contain traces of mercury or other contaminants that may cause poisoning in fetuses and children. Pregnant women must consult their doctors before adding fish to their meal plans. Apart from these foods, some other immune system-boosting foods include strawberries, elderberries, sweet potatoes, button mushrooms, acai berries, miso, pomegranates, avocados, and watermelons.

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9 Laundry Detergents for Fresh Smelling Clothes

There’s nothing worse than putting on a shirt that smells of body odor or rancid sweat. It’s even more frustrating when you wash it and it still smells terrible. Many people are looking for ways to keep their clothes smelling great without using harsh chemicals. If you’re looking for a laundry detergent that keeps your clothes smelling fresh, we have some suggestions for you. Keep reading to find the perfect laundry detergent for your needs. Method Laundry Detergent With Method Laundry Detergent, you can enjoy your laundry experience while knowing that you’re doing good for the environment. This plant-based detergent uses 66 loads worth of stain-lifting power to clean your clothes, while the fresh air scent of lavender and cypress will leave them smelling great. Moreover, it’s vegan and cruelty-free, so you can feel good about using it. This mild detergent has an effective formula that is both safe for you and the environment, and it is reasonably priced at $14.49 for 53.5 fl oz. Additionally, it comes with various fresh scents to choose from, so you can enjoy clean and fragrant clothes without harsh chemicals. ZUM Frankincense & Myrrh Laundry Detergent This detergent is made with gentle ingredients, sensitive launderers in mind, and a mix of saponified coconut oil and deep-cleansing agents to lift stains and leave your clothes smelling great.
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Tips to Manage Age-related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition threatening one’s eyesight and general health. In AMD, the macula, the part of the eye that helps produce the most detailed and sharpest vision, starts to break down and thin, resulting in vision loss. It is one of the most prevalent causes of blindness in people aged 60 or older. Though there is no definite cure for AMD, some things can postpone its onset or lower its severity. Being aware of family history Family history and genetics are one of the leading causes of AMD. So, if you have a first-degree relative with AMD, your chances of developing it are also higher. Hence, you must be vigilant and educate yourself on the potential AMD signs, such as the inability to adapt to low light conditions, difficulty identifying faces, and straight lines looking wavy. Knowledge of these symptoms can help you reach out to an ophthalmologist and get timely treatment while AMD is still in an early stage. Getting routine comprehensive medical checkups In the early stages of AMD, you might not experience any symptoms. Hence, routine comprehensive eye exams with an ophthalmologist can help with timely diagnosis and treatment. It holds even for adults 40 or older with no risk factors or signs because this is when you may develop early AMD symptoms or experience changes in vision.
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Foods to Eat and Avoid After Dental Implants

Dental implants are a major surgical procedure. Hence, you must take the necessary post-operative measures to ensure a speedy recovery. One of the first things you will feel after the surgery is hunger, as dental implants demand abstaining from food for six hours since the procedure temporarily impacts your chewing ability. So, you must adhere to selective foods and avoid some, especially for two weeks. Therefore, here’s a list of foods to eat and avoid: Foods to eat Smoothies In the initial days post-surgery, you may be unable to chew your favorite food. So, the next best thing is drinking it as a smoothie. Smoothies are wholesome and tasty meals. You can make them with whatever vegetable or fruits you like, ensuring they have a high nutritional value and are rich in vitamins. Muffins You might be unable to eat the muffins on the first or the second-day post-surgery, but after the initial few days, you can easily enjoy a good muffin. They are easy to chew and are very delicious. Hence, they can be an incredible snack or breakfast option following dental implant surgery. Potatoes They are versatile and soft. You can prepare them in different ways. So, even if you eat the same ingredient, you will not get bored.

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